Land degradation is a process in which the value of the physical environment is affected by a. Assessment report on land degradation and restoration ipbes. Soil degradation is, in itself, an indicator of land degradation. Land degradation 15 main activities contributing towards land degradation 15 the social and economic consequences of land degradation 17 literature analysis 17 water resources 19 main activities contributing to water resource degradation 19 the social and economic consequences of water pollution 21 literature analysis 22 air indoor and outdoor 24. Examines the causes, the prevention and the rehabilitation of various forms of land degradation. We hear a lot about environmental pressures associated with natural resourcebased production systems in australia. In drylands, land degradation is known as desertification. Namibia land degradation neutrality national report 2015 5 foreword the arid environment of the republic of namibia is very sensitive to the negative impacts of land degradation, and restoration and rehabilitation of degraded land is particularly difficult and can only be achieved over the long term. Pollution of water resources from the contamination of. Soil erosion is indeed considered the most significant environmental challenge to the food security of the population and future development prospects of the country wagayehu 2003. Land thus covers climate and water resources, landform, soils and vegetation, including both grassland resources and forests fao, 1976.
A mining site or entire mining company can move towards land degradation neutrality by using slm practices throughout its operations and investing in land rehabilitation to compensate for the residual land footprint it generates. Salinisation of land and water acidification of soil soil erosion and deterioration of soil structure spread of weeds. Review on extent, impacts and rehabilitation practices dessalew meseret phd scholar, department of bioscience, mangalore university, india,pin code. Land degradation intruduction land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of humaninduced processes acting upon the land. Compared with soils in more humid regions, those in warm arid regions tend to be inherently poor in organic matter from the outset, owing to the relatively sparse natural vegetative cover and to the rapid rate of decomposition. Land degradation and rehabilitation dryland ecosystems advances in geoecology 40 a cooperating series of the iuss uiss ibu international union of soil science iuss isbn 9783923381548 us isbn 1593262477.
Geostatistical analysis and numerical simulation of west african sahel rainfall. Land degradation is a global challenge that affects everybody through food insecurity and higher food prices, through climate change and environmental hazards, and through the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. The condition of the soil is one of the best indicators of land degradation. Doc name land degradation and rehabilitation in ethiopia. Land degradation is often linked to sustainability in terms of keeping its productivity. Axle load and tillage effects on soil degradation and rehabilitation in western nigeria.
Rehabilitation, restoration and reclamation measures and. Land degradation and rehabilitation in coastal sand mining. Loss of natural fertility of soil because of loss of nutrients. Economics of land degradation and improvement in ethiopia. Land degradation is, usually, the result of complex interrelationships between biophysical and socioeconomic issues which affect many people and their land, specially in the tropics and developing countries.
The land degradation leads to the loss of soil, water, biota as well as nutrients from the topsoil. The potential of three halophytes tecticornia pergranulata, sclerolaena longicuspis, and frankenia serpyllifolia for the rehabilitation of brine. Development and breakdown of terrestrial environments. It thus covers the various forms of soil degradation, adverse human impacts on water. If vulnerability is identified early though, it is always better to avoid decline in land quality ever getting to the point where rehabilitation is ever needed. An important criterion of soil degradation is the loss of soil organic matter. The processes that lead to the formation of each form of land degradation are examined as are the strategies and principles of rehabilitation and prevention of each land degradation form. Land degradation as a response to land use practices and land use change. The spatial patterns and temporal changes of land degradation and rehabilitation could be explained partly by either or both natural and anthropogenic factors. High consumption lifestyles in developed countries, coupled with rising consumption in.
In most contexts, this involves the mitigation or reversal of land degradation caused by poor land husbandry practices, especially agricultural practices. Rehabilitation of degraded lands in watersheds tk sreedevi 1, suhas p wani. Rangeland degradation rangeland degradation is a decrease in plant species diversity, plant height, vegetation cover and plant productivity. In the late 1960s, mining companies began to employ qualified rehabilitation workers for the first time. It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. The assessment report on land degradation and restoration 3 foreword urgent and concerted action is needed to avoid worsening land degradation in the face of population growth, unprecedented consumption, an increasingly globalized economy and climate change. Causes and impacts of land degradation and desertification. The health impacts of desertification and drought pdf, 1. It is estimated that 2535% of drylands are already degraded, with over 250 million people directly affected and about one billion people in over one hundred countries at risk. The assessment of land degradation and restoration covers the global status of and trends in land degradation, by region and land cover type. Land rehabilitation is an intervention designed to make a geoecological improvement. As sustainability and productivity are not easy to define, degradation of land can better be described in terms of non.
Land degradation and rehabilitation in ethiopia society at large is also suffering from uncertain information about the rates of land use change and land degradation. Ultimately, land degrad ation and land rehabilitation are human. Assessment of range land degradation, major causes. Land degradation leads to the reduction or loss of the biological or economic productivity and complexity of land. Involving the mining sector in achieving land degradation. Ethiopia land degradation neutrality national report degraded land under pressure in hintalowajirat district, south eastern zone, tigray region, ethiopia 2015 photo by yared shumete this report summarizes the key outcomes of the national efforts carried out in 2014 and 2015 towards putting in practice the land degradation neutrality concept.
In this report, land degradation is defined as a negative trend 4 in land condition, caused by direct or indirect humaninduced processes. Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of humaninduced processes acting upon the land. Introduction land degradation is a major global issue for the 20th century and will remain high on the international agenda even for the 21st century working group on land degradation and desertification of the international union of soil sciences 1999. The term land degradation involves both soil and vegetation degradation. Land degradation is the major consequences of direct interference of human activities in the natural phenomenon. Pdf on nov 28, 2017, temesgen gashaw and others published land degradation in ethiopia. These include soil erosion by water and wind, soil structural degradation, soil acidification, water repellence, salinisation, and mass movement. Land degradation development is an international journal which seeks to promote rational study of the recognition, monitoring, control and rehabilitation of degradation in terrestrial environments. Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded land in arid. Causes, impacts and rehabilitation techniques find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Land degradation is the temporary or permanent lowering of the productive capacity of land unep, 1992b. Federal democratic republic of ethiopia ethiopia land. The paper suggests some rules of thumb for identifying the priority areas for government and donor intervention, including the need for targeted research on the productivity. The most common form of land degradation in ethiopia is soil erosion by water. The assessment aims to enhance the knowledge base for. Land degradation is a humaninduced or natural process which negatively affects the land to function effectively within an ecosystem. Defining land degradation and improvement landincludes not only the soil resource, but also the water, vegetation, landscape, and microclimatic components ofan ecosystem land degradation refers to a temporary or permanent decline in the productive capacity ofthe land,2 or its potential for environmental management. Land degradation is a serious issue in amhara region which leads to depletion of land resources and which in turn induces reduction in agricultural production, loss of biodiversity, water quality depletion, poverty, food insecurity, and social instability. Although there is a link between land degradation and conflict, we should be careful not to blame the victims.
1139 139 1580 307 1174 1165 787 1131 954 96 1427 403 1124 608 269 1217 94 602 344 1615 298 1566 1416 902 1409 1409 1118 1300 1417 441 898 1297 76 714 1265 842 323 906 751 1345 736 110 1080