The southern protectorate was economically buoyant, and so generated more than enough revenue for the development of its territory. Across north africa, the divisions are confessional, nationalist and ideological, not tribal. Pdf the dual mandate in british tropical africa is a book written by sir fredrick lugard the first colonial governor general of nigeria. She and lugard got married five years later in june 1902 after which she became known as lady flora lugard. Lugard, the rise of our east african empire, 1893 f. Lugards book, the dual mandate in british tropical africa was published in 1922.
Everything lord lugard did was in the interest of the crown remember nigeria was not independent at the time and had no say in the issue. Lugard was a stark illiterate and it was quite unfortunate that that was the best that imperial britain could send to africa. T is too soon after the death of lord lugard to attempt anything more th write down some ideas and. Writing in the book, dual mandate, on page 70, some 12years after the amalgamation of nigeria 1926, this was what lugard wrote about nigerians and africans in general. Lord lugard and his impression of nigerians and africans in.
In an article titled lord lugards magic and flora shaws spell, former pdp presidential spokesperson, olufemi olukayode said nigeria needs a lot of prayers. Margery perham and mary bull evanston, i11 northwestern university press. The amalgamation of nigeria and nationhood african. Jul 15, 2012 sir frederick lugard between 1901 and 1928, was a british soldier, explorer of africa and colonial administrator, who was governorgeneral of nigeria 19141919. It forms or constructs the theoretical justification of the. The truth lord lugard saw about nigeria 100 years ago. Amalgamation of nigeria, reasons and effects information. What lord lugard saw about nigeria 100years ago naija. He captured it rather well on facebook in 2014 when he wrote the following. Sep 10, 2015 in an article titled lord lugards magic and flora shaws spell, former pdp presidential spokesperson, olufemi olukayode said nigeria needs a lot of prayers. Lord lugard and his impression of nigerians and africans. Chinua achebe citing an igbo proverb in his there was a country tells us that a man who does not know where the rain started to beat him cannot say where he dried his body. His name is especially associated with nigeria, where he served as high. He was governor of hong kong 19071912, the last governor of the southern nigeria protectorate 19121914, the first high commissioner 19001906.
In 192236 lord lugard was the british representative on the permanent. Frederick john dealtry lugard, 1st baron lugard gcmg, cb, dso, pc 22 january 11 april, known as sir frederick lugard. Frederick lugard, administrator who played a major part in britains colonial history. Why do african countries have so many tribes within one.
Lugard was born in madras now chennai in india, but was raised in worcester, england. His name is especially associated with nigeria, where he served as high commissioner 190006 and. In this work, lugard outlined the reasons and methods that he recommended for the colonisation of. En route, lugard was instructed to enter into treaties with local tribes and build forts in order to secure safe passage for future ibeac expeditions. With lord lugard s arbitrary conception of nigeria in mind, one can begin to see the many and varied problems colonialism created in nigeria, across west africa, and around the world. He was first employed by east indian company, by the royal east african company and then by the royal niger company. Sep 22, 2016 it was actually lord lugards wife, ms flora shaw, that proposed the name nigeria for our country. Lugard was a century away from setting foot in nigeria when dan fodio launched a jihad in 1804 which was aimed amongst other things at extending. Sep 09, 2015 it was actually lord lugards wife, miss flora shaw, that proposed the name nigeria for our country. Full text of the dual mandate in british tropical africa. It is logical to understand frederick lugard, the man that amalgamated northern and southern protectorate into one entity in 1914. Lord lugard, flora shaw, satanic roots of the name nigeria. Perham northwestern university press, 1959 ps primary source a primary source is a work that is being studied, or that provides firsthand or direct evidence on a topic. He said the name nigeria has some satanic premonition which only prayer can solve.
Full text of the dual mandate in british tropical africa see other formats. Lord lugard s opinion of the average africannigerian by legalnaija 10. Lacking in self control, discipline, and foresight. Lord frederick john dealtry lugard 22 january 1858 11 april 1945 was high commissioner of the protectorate of northern nigeria till 1906, having earlier, in august 1897, organized the west african frontier force which he commanded until december 1899. She and lugard got married five years later in june 1902, after which she became known as lady flora lugard. British reporter flora shaw, who later married lord frederick lugard, suggests that the country be named nigeria after the niger river. Lord lugard archives the guardian nigeria news nigeria. From the hopes of freedom to the heart of despair a history of fifty years of independence, martin meredith, writes that in northern nigeria, frederick lugard. British influence in the region began with the prohibition of slave trade to british subjects in 1807. Exerpts from the diaries of lord lugard nigeria frederick lugard. Let us not be deceived, unless we want to continue with lugards deceit, the founding fathers of nigeria are not nigerians but britons lord harcourt, the then british secretary of state and lord lugard and his successors. Lord lugard british colonial influence 2 the next british interest in the nigeria project was the occupation and the pacification of the northern nigeria from 1877 to 1903.
Long before frederick lugard stepped foot in nigeria, nigerians had looked across the twin rivers the niger and benue and imagined the unification of the tribes on either sides of the divide. Oil rivers protectorate renamed niger coast protectorate with calabar as capital. Apr 23, 2020 excerpts from frederick lugards book the dual mandate in british tropical africa, he wrote in 1926. Sep 08, 2015 it was actually lord lugards wife, miss flora shaw, that proposed the name nigeria for our country. In character and temperament wrote lord lugard, the typical african of this racetype is a happy, thriftless, excitable person. George taubman goldie was born in 1846 and died in 1925. How and why flora shaw, lord lugards wife, coined the name nigeria. In character and temperament, the typical african of this racetype is a happy, thriftless, excitable person, lacking in selfcontrol, discipline, and foresight. As nigeria is gearing and making arrangements to celebrate 100 years centenary of founding from 1914 2014. This was done in an article that she wrote for the london times on january 8th, 1897. In character and temperament, the typical african of this racetype is a happy, thriftless, excitable person, lacking in. What lord lugard had to say about hausa, yoruba and igbo by hopeful20100. In character and temperament, the typical african of this racetype is a happy, thriftless, excitable.
The amalgamation of nigeria was a fraud chief richard akinjide, san being excerpts from the speech of chief richard akinjide san, first and second republic minister, at the public presentation of the book fellow country men the story of coup detats in nigeria by richard akinnola, june 2000. January lord lugard created nigeria by merging northern, southern nigeria and lagos. Column lord lugard, the former governorgeneral of nigeria, in 1926 wrote his unfiltered thought about nigerians. Feb 03, 2012 the amalgamation of nigeria was a fraud chief richard akinjide, san being excerpts from the speech of chief richard akinjide san, first and second republic minister, at the public presentation of the book fellow country men the story of coup detats in nigeria by richard akinnola, june 2000.
Trained as an army officer, he had served in india, egypt, and east africa, where he expelled arab slave traders from nyasaland and. May 05, 2020 pdf the dual mandate in british tropical africa is a book written by sir fredrick lugard the first colonial governor general of nigeria. Lord lugards opinion of the average africannigerian. Lord frederick lugard, in a bid to simplify his colonial duties and subsidize his northern territory with his southern territory, signed a piece of. Writing in the book, dual mandate, on page 70, some 12years after the amalgamation 1926. At the public presentation of the book fellow country men the story of coup detats in nigeria by richard akinnola, june 2000, chief richard akinjide san, first and second republic minister made a laudatory speech while he insightfully made known the purpose of lord lugard in nigeria and also british interest in staging the amalgamation of 1914. The answer likely lies in examining the region where that rule does not hold. The council was created in 1914 after the amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorates by lord lugard. In the south were pagan tribes and in the north, historic muslim. The amalgamation of nigeria has brought a few benefits, but several disadvantages because of the incompatible nature of the cultural side of the tribes that inhabit the country called nigeria. Sola adebowale, a writer, understood the mindset of lord lugard. Lugard 18581945 was a soldier who fought in the british military campaign in sudan 18841885, an employee of several colonial companies including the british east africa company between 1889 and 1892, and a colonial administrator who served as high commissioner 19001906 and then governor 19141919 of british nigeria. It was actually lord lugards wife, miss flora shaw, that proposed the name nigeria for our country. Pdf colonial essentialism in lord lugards the dual.
His name is especially associated with nigeria, where he served as high commissioner 190006 and governor and governorgeneral. What lord lugard had to say about hausa, yoruba and igbo. Hence he was noted to have vehemently opposed native education for africans. Although it appears that these issues can be resolved by dialogue and compromise, particularly by the intervention of a superpower, perhaps britain in. Lord lugard came here about 1894 and many people did not know that major lugard was not originally employed by the british government. British was able to subdue north and west with ease but when they arrived igboland, it took them 12 yrs in a fierce war with igbos until they gain control. Lugard advocated constantly for unification of the whole territory, and in august 1911 the colonial office asked lugard to lead the amalgamated colony. British influence in the niger area increased gradually. From his book, the dual mandates, come these excerpts. The origin of the name nigeria lies in one of the most popular rivers in africa, the river niger. She and lugard got married five years later in june 1902, after.
From his book, the dual mandate, comes this excerpt. His book, the dual mandate in british tropical africa 1922, not only gained. As lugard s friend and bio grapher i know that he is dead. Edofolks lord lugards analysis of nigerians africans. Frederick lugard, administrator who played a major part in britains colonial history between 1888 and 1945, serving in east africa, west africa, and hong kong. Jul 16, 2008 criticising what lugard said would not change its accuracy but rather our proving to the would that we can rise up from the mire like other countries and continents have done. Colonial nigeria was the area of west africa that later evolved into modernday nigeria, during the time of british rule in the 19th and 20th centuries. Lord lugard, the former governorgeneral of nigeria, in 1926, wrote his unfiltered thought about nigerians. Girouard, in northern nigeria have arrived at the same conclusion. Frederick lugard british colonial administrator britannica.
This was done in an article that she wrote for the london times on january 8th 1897. Lord lugard is dead 10 jan 1969 the spectator archive. Nigerians are displaying the most virulent exchanges in what support lord lugard once description of the countrys ethnic mix as enemy tribes. What lord lugard thought about nigerians i came across this article. Lord lugards magic and flora shaws spell, by femi fani. Trained as an army officer, he had served in india, egypt, and east africa, where he expelled arab slave traders from nyasaland and established the british presence. In present conditions in africa the numerous separate tribes, speaking different languages. Britain annexed lagos in 1861 and established the oil river protectorate in 1884. The guardian nigeria newspaper brings you the latest headlines, opinions, political news, business reports and international news. Apr 08, 2020 frederick lugard, administrator who played a major part in britains colonial history between 1888 and 1945, serving in east africa, west africa, and hong kong. Frederick john dealtry lugard, 1st baron lugard, gcmg, cb, dso, pc 22 january 1858 11 april 1945, known as sir frederick lugard between 1901 and 1928, was a british soldier, mercenary, explorer of africa and colonial administrator. Sir frederick lugard between 1901 and 1928, was a british soldier, explorer of africa and colonial administrator, who was governorgeneral of nigeria 19141919.
Lugard s book, the dual mandate in british tropical africa was published in 1922. Naturally courageous, and naturally courteous and polite, full of personal vanity, with little sense of veracity, fond of music and loving. Nov 23, 2009 lord frederick john dealtry lugard 22 january 1858 11 april 1945 was high commissioner of the protectorate of northern nigeria till 1906, having earlier, in august 1897, organized the west african frontier force which he commanded until december 1899. Oct 17, 2017 nigerians are displaying the most virulent exchanges in what support lord lugard once description of the countrys ethnic mix as enemy tribes. How can i resist the challenge of your lead ing article in your issue of 27 december lord lugard is dead. Gordon college government governor grant hand important increase india individual industry interests kenya labour lease legislative lord lord milner mandate matters ment merchants methods minerals moslem native administration native courts. Frederick lugard was born in 1858 and died in 1945. The operation was completed in a few years and on january 1, 1914, lugard, by then sir frederick and later lord lugard, became governorgeneral of nigeria, which he administered during world war i and up to 1919, when he retired. Azikiwe, awolowo and ahmadu bello were just children when the british manipulated the nigeria project. That recommendation was accepted and consequently lord lugard can legitimately be described as the chief architect of modernday nigeria.
Lord lugards magic and flora shaws spell how nigeria news. The rain that beat nigeria began more than a decade ago, from the resolutions of the berlin conference of 18841885 to the economicdriven amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorates of nigeria in 1914 by. The dual mandate in british tropical africa is a book written by sir fredrick lugard the first colonial governor general of nigeria. The amalgamation of nigeria and nationhood african voice. From the hopes of freedom to the heart of despair a history of fifty years of independence, martin meredith, writes that in northern nigeria, frederick lugard set out to rule 10 million people with a staff of nine european administrators and a regiment of the west african frontier force consisting of 3,000. Quite annoying in character and temperament, the typical african of this racetype is a happy, thriftless, excitable person. During this period,the major personalities in the pacification of the northern nigeria were lord lugard,sir george goldie and joseph chamberlaine. Membership of the council was 24 official and 12 unofficial members. Lugard 18581945 was a soldier who fought in the british military campaign in sudan 18841885, an employee of several colonial companies including the british east africa company between 1889 and 1892, and a colonial administrator who served. How nigeria was created by lord sir frederick lugard. Lord frederick lugard with northern nigeria emirs in london, 1934 throwback pic politics nigeria the hausa also known as hausawa, haoussa, ausa, habe, mgbakpa are one of the largest ethnic groups in west africa and the largest ethnic. Lord lugards magic and flora shaws spell by femi fanikayode. Frederick lugard, who assumed the position of high commissioner of the protectorate of northern nigeria in 1900, often has been regarded as the model british colonial administrator. Your article, with some of which i agree, is misleading in its references to his responsibility for the frontiers of modern nigeria.
As lugards friend and bio grapher i know that he is dead. Frederick john dealtry lugard, 1st baron lugard, gcmg, cb, dso, pc 22 january 1858 11. Charles kingsley meek, law and authority in a nigerian tribe. The amalgamation of nigeria was a fraud by chief richard. Nov 6, 2016 this pin was discovered by pambili sinxoto.
In 1912, lugard returned to nigeria as governor of the two protectorates. I want to remind us that nigeria, nay africa is made up of many tribes. In 1912, lugard returned to nigeria from his sixyear term as governor of hong kong, to oversee the merger of the northern and southern protectorates. He was the son of the revd frederick grueber lugard, a british army chaplain at madras, and his third wife mary howard 18191865, the youngest daughter of revd john garton howard 17861862, a younger son of landed gentry from thorne and melbourne near york. According to him, lord luggard and his wife flora shaw, who gave nigeria her name, were occultic.
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